To complete a construction project successfully, you must include the correct types of construction specifications in your plans and contracts.
This article will discuss three types of specifications that are essential for any project. Keep in mind that this is not an exhaustive list, but it will give you a good starting point for understanding the different types of specifications needed.
Prescriptive Specifications
These types of specifications are the most common and are usually what people think of when they hear the word “specifications.” Prescriptive specifications clearly state exactly what materials must be used and how the work must be performed. This specification type leaves little room for interpretation or deviation from the specified requirements.
For example, a prescriptive specification for a window installation might state that the windows must be double-glazed, Argon-filled, and have a U-factor of .27 or less. This type of specification would also detail the types of materials to be used for the frame, sill, and head, as well as the installation methods.
Performance Specifications
Performance specifications are becoming more common as they offer more flexibility than prescriptive specifications. Rather than dictating the specific materials and methods to be used, performance specifications set forth the required results of the work. This allows for more innovation and creativity in the execution of the work, as long as the specified outcomes are achieved.
For example, a performance specification for a window installation might state that the windows must have a U-factor of .27 or less. This would allow the contractor to choose the type of window, frame, sill, head, and installation method that they feel would best meet the requirements.
Proprietary Specifications
Proprietary specifications are less common but may be included in some project plans and contracts. These types of specifications identify a specific brand or product by name that must be used in the project. In some cases, the specification will also include the model number or other identifying information.
For example, a proprietary specification for a window might state that the windows must be Andersen 400 Series Tilt-Wash Double-Hung Windows. This would identify the specific window that must be used, as well as the manufacturer.
Other Construction Specifications to Include
Above are the three most common types of construction specifications, but other types of specifications may be included in your plans and contracts.
Aesthetic Specifications
These types of specifications detail the appearance of the work and how it should look when finished. For example, an aesthetic specification for a window installation might state that the windows must be painted white and the frames must be stained to match the trim.
Environmental Specifications
These types of specifications detail the requirements for protecting the environment during the construction process. For example, an environmental specification for a window installation might state that all paint and stain must be low-VOC and all sawdust must be collected and disposed of properly.
Safety Specifications
These types of specifications detail the requirements for protecting the safety of workers and the public during the construction process. For example, a safety specification for a window installation might state that all workers must be certified in fall protection and use only a certain type of scaffolding.
Functional Specifications
These types of specifications detail the requirements for the function of the work. For example, a functional specification for a window installation might state that the windows must open and close smoothly and be weather-tight.
Conclusion
You may include various types of construction specifications in your project plans and contracts. The three most common specifications are prescriptive, performance, and proprietary. However, there are many other types you want to consider.
To choose the right types of specifications for your project, consider the goals you are trying to achieve. No matter what types of specifications you choose, be sure to include all the necessary information so that there is no misunderstanding about what is required.